Community mobilisation to prevent violence against women and girls in eastern India through participatory learning and action with women’s groups facilitated by accredited social health activists: a before-and-after pilot study

Table 5 Past year emotional and physical violence by family members other than husbands (all participants)

	Baseline		Endline		Unadjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) ¹	P	Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) ²	P
	n	%³	n	%³
Past year emotional violence by other family members
Yes	448	66.0	431	50.1	0.44 (0.35–0.56)	< 0.001	0.41 (0.32–0.53)	< 0.001
No	231	34.0	430	49.9
Total respondents	679	100	861	100
Past year physical violence by other family members
Yes	184	27.1	104	12.1	0.34 (0.26–0.45)	< 0.001	0.36 (0.26–0.50)	< 0.001
No	495	72.9	757	87.9
Total respondents	679	100	861	100
Perpetrators of emotional and physical violence (other family members)
Father-in-law	126	27.7	137	30.8	1.20 (0.88–1.65)	0.252	0.89 (0.62–1.28)	0.544
Brother-in-law	75	16.5	111	24.9	1.85 (1.30–2.64)	0.001	1.96 (1.31–2.91)	0.001
Other in-law	287	63.1	125	28.1	0.17 (0.12–0.23)	< 0.001	0.21 (0.14–0.30)	< 0.001
Other relative	202	44.4	102	22.9	0.36 (0.26–0.50)	< 0.001	0.42 (0.29–0.60)	< 0.001
Total respondents	455	100	445	100
Help-seeking for violence by other family members
Yes	160	35.2	293	65.8	4.58 (3.25–6.45)	< 0.001	4.45 (3.04–6.52)	< 0.001
No	463	67.9	190	35.5
Total respondents	295	64.8	152	34.2
Persons from whom respondents sought help
Own family	46	28.7	46	15.7	0.29 (0.17–0.51)	< 0.001	0.27 (0.14–0.52)	< 0.001
In-laws	24	15.0	14	4.8	0.16 (0.07–0.38)	< 0.001	0.13 (0.05–0.35)	0.001
Within village	54	33.7	104	35.5	1.17 (0.73–1.87)	0.512	1.36 (0.77–2.41)	0.286
Total respondents	160	100	293	100

¹ Adjusted for clustering by village with random effect term only
² Adjusted for literacy, income regularity, socio-economic deprivation and clustering by village
³ Proportions may not add up to 100 due to missing data
⁴ We asked about husbands as a source of support at baseline but not endline. Data are presented without including husbands in ‘own family’

ISSN: 1472-698X